Neurotypical and Autism Spectrum: Beyond Stereotypes

When I was 16, I received a diagnosis of a mild autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, my journey with this diagnosis has been complex. I have often questioned the accuracy of the test results since I don't feel that I embody the stereotypical characteristics often associated with people on the autism spectrum. Nevertheless, it's important to remember that ASD is a spectrum. Just like there are many exceptions to the stereotypical behavior and thought processes of neurotypical individuals, exceptions also exist within the autism spectrum.

Having said that, my social life and the unique aspects of my daily existence and thought processes make it quite possible that I fall into a category of neurological divergence. For instance, I often find myself overly focused on my special interests while occasionally neglecting social norms and etiquette. This is not necessarily indicative of a neurotypical individual. Interestingly, my preferences in how I spend my time may have a significant impact on my social interactions and cognitive processes.

Neurotypical as a Benchmark

The term “neurotypical” is most useful as a benchmark against which certain disorders, pathologies, anxiety, and personality disorders can be measured. A neurotypical individual is, in essence, the hypothetical middle ground of the normal distribution of brain activity across all categories. Since our understanding of the brain remains limited, our classification of disorders is more pragmatic. We don’t point directly to the brain and state the existence of a specific disorder, like borderline personality disorder. Instead, we rely on lists of comorbid symptoms and commonalities in effective treatment plans derived from these classifications. This is why these diagnostic categories remain important.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), individuals classified as neurotypical are those who do not exhibit symptoms that lead to self-harm, harm to others, or functional impairment. While it is true that almost everyone may experience symptoms of various DSM-defined conditions at some point, the term "neurotypical" implies a certain level of steadiness and non-disorder. This label remains largely pragmatic, grounded in the absence of conditions that significantly impair an individual's ability to function effectively in society.

Autism Spectrum and Neurodivergence

Navigating the complexities of the autism spectrum requires a nuanced understanding. Some have argued that neurotypical individuals can be seen as those who lie on the inside of the bell curve, where most brain functions consistently operate within expected parameters. However, the term can be misleading when applied rigidly. For example, a psychopath can be highly functioning in certain domains (e.g., professional or relational) but would not be classified as neurotypical due to their inherent abnormal emotional regulation and empathy.

Additionally, neurotypical labels often elide the idea that neurodivergence is not always a negative trait. Many individuals with ASD possess unique strengths, such as exceptional attention to detail, advanced problem-solving skills, and a deep capacity for abstract thinking. These traits can be advantageous in various fields, whether it be in creative industries, scientific research, or technological innovation.

The Future of Neurodiversity Education and Awareness

As society becomes more aware of the complexities of neurodiversity, the term "neurotypical" will likely evolve to encompass a broader range of individuals. Embracing neurodiversity means recognizing that different ways of thinking and behaving are valuable contributions to our collective understanding of the world. Moving forward, it is crucial to foster a more inclusive educational and professional environment that accommodates a wide range of neurodivergent experiences.

In conclusion, while neurotypical individuals play a vital role in providing a benchmark against which neurological conditions and developmental disorders can be measured, the concept of neurotypicality itself is a complex one. By acknowledging individual differences and the inherent strengths of neurodivergent individuals, we can create a more equitable and compassionate world for all.