What Is the Best Form of Insulin for Diabetes: Synthetic or Human Insulin?

Managing diabetes effectively requires the use of insulin, either synthetic or human, to replace or supplement the body's natural insulin production. Both types of insulin are effective in managing diabetes, but they have different characteristics and are suitable for different individuals based on a variety of factors. In this article, we will explore the differences between synthetic and human insulin, as well as the key considerations in choosing the most appropriate form of insulin for managing diabetes.

Understanding Insulin for Diabetes Management

Insulin is a hormone that helps the body regulate blood sugar levels. For individuals with diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it produces properly. Both synthetic and human insulin can help manage diabetes by adjusting blood sugar levels. Synthetic insulin, known as analog insulin, has been developed to more closely mimic the body's natural insulin secretion patterns, offering better blood sugar control and fewer hypoglycemic events. Human insulin, derived from recombinant DNA technology, is structurally identical to the insulin produced by the human body.

Types of Insulin

Human Insulin

Human insulin is created by growing insulin proteins inside E. coli bacteria. It was first developed by David Goeddel and his colleagues in 1978. Human insulin comes in two forms:

Regular or Short-Acting Insulin: This form of insulin starts working around 30 minutes after injection and lasts for about 6 to 8 hours. NPH Insulin (Intermediate-Acting Insulin): This form of insulin starts working in 1 to 3 hours and lasts for about 12 to 18 hours.

Human insulin is generally less expensive compared to synthetic insulins. It is a good option for individuals who need to balance costs with treatment effectiveness.

Synthetic Analog Insulin

Synthetic insulins are structurally modified forms of human insulin designed to more closely mimic the body's natural insulin secretion patterns. This allows for better blood sugar control and fewer side effects. Synthetic analog insulins include:

Rapid-Acting Insulin: Examples include insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine. These insulins start working in 15 minutes and last for up to 4 to 6 hours. Long-Acting Insulin: Examples include insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and insulin degludec. These insulins provide a prolonged effect and last for 24 hours or more.

Choosing the Right Insulin: Factors to Consider

The best form of insulin for an individual with diabetes depends on several factors:

Insulin Administration Preferences: Some individuals may prefer the convenience and flexibility of analog insulins, which can be used in real-time dosing schedules. Others may opt for human insulins due to cost considerations or other personal preferences. Insulin Sensitivity and Treatment Response: The effectiveness and side effects of different insulin types vary among individuals based on their insulin sensitivity and how their bodies respond to treatment. Blood Glucose Control Goals and Lifestyle Factors: The target blood sugar levels and the individual's daily routine and schedules also play a significant role in insulin choice. Cost and Accessibility: The cost of insulin is a crucial factor, and it can significantly impact the choice of insulin. Insurance coverage and availability also influence the decision.

Ultimately, the best form of insulin for diabetes management should be determined in consultation with a healthcare provider. It is essential to consider individual needs, preferences, and the specific characteristics of each insulin type to find the most suitable option.

Conclusion

Selecting the right form of insulin is a personal decision that should be made with the guidance of a healthcare provider. By understanding the differences between synthetic and human insulin and considering individual factors, individuals can make an informed choice that best suits their needs and lifestyle.